https://quizlet.com/de/1190663452/connectors-connectors-connectors-flash-cards
https://quizlet.com/de/1190668962/connector-effect-flash-cards/?i=8m3rz&x=1qqt
German Tadka · C1 · Bucket Drill
Konnektoren — sorted by where they put the verb
Memorise the bucket, not the word. The underlined word is the conjugated verb — watch where it lands.
| ① VERB GOES TO THE END · Subjunktionen — they open a Nebensatz | ||
| Connector | Meaning | Example (verb at end) |
|---|---|---|
| weil · da | because / since | Er bleibt, weil er müde ist. |
| obwohl | although | Wir gehen, obwohl es regnet. |
| während · wohingegen | while / whereas | Ich lese, während sie arbeitet. |
| wenn · falls | if / in case | Wenn du Zeit hast, ruf an. |
| sofern · vorausgesetzt dass | provided that | Sofern es klappt, kommen wir. |
| angenommen dass | assuming that | Angenommen, dass es stimmt, … |
| insofern als · insoweit als | insofar as | Er hat recht, insofern als es stimmt. |
| soviel · soweit | as far as | Soviel ich weiß, ist er weg. |
| nur dass | except that | Gut, nur dass es zu teuer ist. |
| ohne dass | without (…happening) | Er ging, ohne dass es jemand merkte. |
| (an)statt dass | instead of (…doing) | Statt dass er half, schaute er zu. |
| es sei denn, dass | unless | Wir fahren, es sei denn, es regnet. |
| sodass | so that (result) | Er sprach leise, sodass niemand ihn verstand. |
| damit | so that (purpose) | Ich erkläre es, damit alle es verstehen. |
| ② VERB STAYS IN 2ND POSITION — INVERSION · Konjunktionaladverbien — adverb in Pos.1 → verb before subject | ||
| Connector | Meaning | Example (verb before subject) |
| deshalb · deswegen · darum · daher · aus diesem Grund | therefore | Es regnete, deshalb blieben wir. |
| folglich · infolgedessen · somit · dadurch | consequently / thereby | Er lernte nicht, folglich fiel er durch. |
| trotzdem · dennoch · nichtsdestotrotz · gleichwohl | nevertheless | Es war schwer, trotzdem gelang es ihm. |
| allerdings · hingegen · dagegen · demgegenüber · andererseits | however / by contrast | Ich lese, er hingegen treibt Sport. |
| außerdem · ebenfalls · ferner · zudem | moreover / besides | Es ist billig, außerdem ist es praktisch. |
| stattdessen · anstelle dessen · ansonsten | instead / otherwise | Er kam nicht, stattdessen schrieb er. |
| danach · daraufhin · inzwischen · mittlerweile · unterdessen | afterwards / meanwhile | Wir aßen, danach gingen wir spazieren. |
| zunächst · anfangs · zuletzt · damals · schließlich | first / at last / back then | Zunächst war es schwer. |
| hiermit · jedenfalls · gegebenenfalls | hereby / at any rate / if applicable | Hiermit kündige ich den Vertrag. |
| ③ POSITION 0 — NOTHING MOVES · Konjunktionen — they sit outside the clause, normal word order follows | ||
| Connector | Meaning | Example (subject → verb, normal) |
| und · oder | and / or | Ich koche, und sie deckt den Tisch. |
| aber | but | Ich wollte, aber ich hatte keine Zeit. |
| denn | for / because | Ich bleibe, denn ich bin krank. |
| sondern | but rather (after “nicht/kein”) | Nicht heute, sondern morgen fahren wir. |
| sowie | as well as (links items) | Stifte, Papier sowie Klebeband. |
| ④ SPECIAL — NO VERB-POSITION RULE · prepositions, particles & paired forms — they attach to a word, not a clause | ||
| Connector | Type / behaviour | Example |
| anhand · (an)statt · anstelle | preposition + Genitiv | Statt eines Anrufs schrieb er. |
| außer · abgesehen von | preposition + Dativ | Alle kamen außer dem Chef. |
| nämlich | particle — sits after the verb, never Pos.1 | Ich bleibe; ich bin nämlich krank. |
| zwar … aber | paired — zwar in midfield, aber = Pos.0 | Es ist zwar teuer, aber gut. |
| sowohl … als auch · einerseits … andererseits · weder … noch | two-part correlatives | Sie spricht sowohl Deutsch als auch Englisch. |
| sogar · selbst · auch · nur · ja | focus / mood particles — attach to one element | Sogar der Chef wusste nichts. |
| ohne … zu · (an)statt … zu · um … zu | zu-infinitive (same subject, no finite verb) | Er ging, ohne sich zu verabschieden. |
🧠 The 4-bucket memory hook
① END — anything that opens a sub-clause: the -il / -enn / -ofern / dass crowd (weil, wenn, sofern, …dass). If you can put “that” or “because/if/although” in front of it → verb to the end.
② 2ND — the “-halb / -och / -dem / -dings” adverbs (deshalb, dennoch, trotzdem, allerdings). They’re adverbs → start the clause → verb flips in front of the subject. This is the biggest bucket.
③ POS.0 — only 5 words: und, oder, aber, denn, sondern. Memorise the list flat; nothing moves after them.
④ SPECIAL — if it takes a case (anhand, statt, außer) or clings to one word (nämlich, zwar, sogar, selbst), it’s not a clause-connector — don’t look for a verb rule.
— German Tadka · german.learnmylanguage.com —
German Tadka · C1 Grammar
Konnektoren at C1 — The Words That Glue German Together
14 logical categories, ~70 connectors, and the one grammar rule that decides whether your sentence is correct.
A Konnektor is any word that links two ideas and tells the reader how they relate — cause, contrast, condition, consequence. At A2/B1 you survive on und, aber, weil and deshalb. At C1 the examiner is actively counting variety: reusing weil five times costs you points, while one well-placed nichtsdestotrotz or sofern signals control of the language.
But the hard part isn’t the meaning. It’s the word order. German connectors fall into three grammatical families, and each one does a different thing to the verb. Get this wrong and the sentence is broken — get it right and everything below falls into place. So read this box twice before the categories.
⭐ The 3 types — and what each does to the verb
1. Konjunktion (coordinating) — sits in “Position 0”, outside the sentence count. The clause after it keeps normal verb-second order. Members: und, aber, oder, denn, sondern.
I’m staying home, for I’m ill. → subject then verb, normal order.
2. Subjunktion (subordinating) — opens a Nebensatz and kicks the conjugated verb to the very end. Members: weil, da, obwohl, während, falls, sofern, wenn, dass, ohne dass…
I’m staying home because I’m ill. → verb “bin” goes to the end.
3. Konjunktionaladverb (connecting adverb) — it’s an adverb, so when it starts the clause it takes Position 1 and forces inversion (verb before subject). Members: deshalb, trotzdem, dennoch, folglich, somit, außerdem, stattdessen…
I’m ill, therefore I’m staying home. → verb “bleibe” jumps in front of “ich”.
Notice the same idea above appears three times with three different word orders. That flexibility is exactly what C1 rewards. Now, category by category — each connector below is tagged [K] Konjunktion, [S] Subjunktion or [A] Adverb so you always know the word order.
1 · Temporal — when?
These place events in time. Almost all are adverbs [A], so fronting them triggers inversion. The simple ones (heute, morgen, gestern…) you already know — here are the C1-relevant ones.
Back then there was no internet yet.
He apologised, thereupon she forgave him.
By now the situation has changed completely.
She has just left.
At first it was hard; in the end everything went smoothly.
2 · Kausal — why? (the cause)
This is the most important grammar lesson on the page, because the same “because/therefore” idea is split across all three word-order types. weil · da · denn introduce the cause; deshalb · deswegen · darum · daher introduce the consequence — the logic flips direction.
We stayed in because it was raining hard.
Since it was late, we went home. (da signals a reason the listener already knows.)
We stayed in, for it was raining hard.
It was raining hard, therefore we stayed in.
I’m staying in; I’m ill, you see. (nämlich slips in after the verb — never starts the clause.)
3 · Konzessiv — although / nevertheless
Concession means “despite this, the result still happens.” All four words below are adverbs [A] and sit on the consequence side. Their subordinating partner — the “although” side — is obwohl [S], worth pairing in your head.
The task was hard; nevertheless he solved it.
The criticism was fierce; nonetheless she stuck to her plan.
4 · Adversativ — contrast / on the other hand
Pure contrast between two things — no contradiction of expectation (that’s concessive), just difference.
I wanted to come, but I had no time.
The hotel was lovely; it was rather expensive, though.
My brother is sporty; I, by contrast, prefer reading.
He likes working alone, whereas she prefers the team.
On the one hand it’s expensive, on the other it’s very convenient.
5 · Konsekutiv — consequence / as a result
Where kausal states the cause, konsekutiv states the result that follows.
He hadn’t studied; consequently he failed.
We won — after all, we trained hard. (also temporal: “finally”.)
6 · Instrumental — by what means? / thereby
These express the means or method by which something happens.
He trained daily; through this he improved quickly.
The deadline has passed, thus the application is invalid.
I hereby terminate my contract with proper notice.
On the basis of the data, the trend is clearly visible.
7 · Additiv — and / moreover
Adding a further point. At C1, replace lazy “und auch” with außerdem · zudem · ferner · darüber hinaus.
The offer is cheap; moreover it’s very practical.
Furthermore, note that the deadline is binding.
Have a nice weekend! — Thanks, likewise!
She speaks both English and Spanish.
8 · Restriktiv — to the extent that / admittedly
These limit a statement — true, but only within certain bounds. High-value C1 words because they sound precise and lawyerly.
He’s right insofar as the figures really are correct.
The car is fast, admittedly, but it’s very expensive.
I don’t know what happened; at any rate, it was already late.
As far as I know, he has already left on a trip.
The plan is good, except that it’s a bit too expensive.
9 · Negativ-restriktiv — except / unless
We’ll set off tomorrow, unless the weather is bad.
Everyone was there except Tom.
Apart from a few typos, the text was flawless.
10 · Subtraktiv — without (something happening)
He left the room without anyone noticing.
11 · Substitutiv — instead of
Instead of a call, he just wrote a short email.
Instead of helping, he just watched.
He didn’t come; instead he sent a message.
That’s not cheap, but rather distinctly expensive.
Hurry up, otherwise we’ll miss the train.
12 · Konditional — if / provided that
Conditions. All the subordinating ones send the verb to the end; they range from neutral (wenn) to formal (sofern, vorausgesetzt).
In case it rains, we’ll simply stay inside.
Provided there are no objections, we’ll begin at once.
We’ll gladly come, provided the weather cooperates.
Assuming you win — what would you do?
Please complete the form with further details where applicable.
13 · Explikativ — that is to say / in other words
Reformulating or sharpening what you just said. Indispensable for the spoken exam when you need to clarify.
He’s an early riser, that is, he usually gets up at five.
I need the book — and specifically, as fast as possible.
14 · Inkrementiv — even / scaling up
These intensify — they push a statement to a surprising extreme.
He even worked straight through the weekend.
Even the boss knew nothing about the problem.
That’s just unbelievable! · You know, of course, that I have no time.
📋 One-look cheat sheet
If you remember nothing else, remember which word does what to the verb.
| Category | Go-to C1 word | Type | Effect on verb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kausal (cause) | weil / da | [S] | verb to end |
| Kausal (consequence) | deshalb / daher | [A] | inversion |
| Konzessiv | trotzdem / dennoch | [A] | inversion |
| Adversativ | hingegen / wohingegen | [A] / [S] | inversion / verb to end |
| Konsekutiv | folglich / infolgedessen | [A] | inversion |
| Instrumental | dadurch / somit | [A] | inversion |
| Additiv | außerdem / ferner | [A] | inversion |
| Restriktiv | insofern als / zwar…aber | [S] / [A+K] | verb to end / mixed |
| Substitutiv | stattdessen / sondern | [A] / [K] | inversion / Position 0 |
| Konditional | sofern / vorausgesetzt | [S] | verb to end |
| Explikativ | das heißt / und zwar | phrase | — |
| Inkrementiv | sogar / selbst | particle | — |
How to actually score with these in the exam
In the written exam, the examiner rewards range. Don’t open three sentences with deshalb — rotate to folglich, somit, infolgedessen. Replace aber with allerdings or hingegen. Slip in one formal high-register word (nichtsdestotrotz, sofern, ferner, gleichwohl) per essay — it signals control.
In the spoken exam, the workhorses are the reformulating ones — das heißt, und zwar, einerseits…andererseits, zwar…aber — because they buy thinking time while sounding fluent. Drill five of them aloud until the word order is automatic, and your verb will never land in the wrong place under pressure.
— German Tadka · german.learnmylanguage.com —